China’s investment in Africa has sparked debate, driving economic growth while raising concerns about debt dependency and resource extraction. Infrastructure projects improve connectivity and trade, and Chinese-backed investments create jobs, addressing high youth unemployment.

Debt trap fears are often exaggerated. “The idea that China is solely responsible for Africa’s debt crisis is a myth,” says economist Egbetokun. Many debt challenges stem from broader economic mismanagement rather than reliance on Chinese loans. While manufacturing and services receive investments, resource extraction dominates in volume, requiring stronger regulatory oversight.

Europe can learn from China’s pragmatic approach to investment. Unlike Western investors, China offers financing with fewer conditions, making it a more attractive partner for many African nations. The EU’s Green Deal, for instance, risks reinforcing Africa as a resource supplier unless terms are negotiated wisely. To remain competitive, Europe must focus on mutually beneficial industrial partnerships rather than conditional aid. Africa must also strengthen multilateral platforms like the African Union and the African Continental Free Trade Area to enhance its bargaining power. Strategic engagement with foreign investors can ensure long-term economic self-sufficiency.

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